In May 2008, the Senate endorsed MAS-introduced legislation for a recall referendum on the mandates of the President, Vice President, and eight of nine departmental prefects, held on August 10, 2008. 2008 was a turbulent year in Bolivia. He was succeeded by former general Hugo Bánzer, an ex-dictator turned democrat who became president for the second time in Aug. 1997. In October 2011, Bolivia held its first judicial elections to choose members of the national courts by popular vote. Seven governments were made up of triumvirates: 1861, 1899, 1920-1921, 1970, 1978, 1981, and 1982. Rodriguez said the US government had wanted Che in Panama, and "I could have tried to falsify the command to the troops, and got Che to Panama as the US government said they had wanted", but that he had chosen to "let history run its course" as desired by Bolivia. Art. History A system of public education developed, accompanied by moderate anticlericalism: Catholicism lost its status as the only religion recognized by the State in 1906 and civil marriage was adopted in 1911. The city of Tiahuanaco was founded in what is now Bolivia about 400 BC. After the 2014 election, 53.1% of the seats in national parliament were held by women, a higher proportion of women than that of the population. After the 2014 election, 53.1% of the seats in national parliament were hel… Bolivia is divided in nine departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija. The right-of-center opposition includes a variety of political parties. [9] Despite the revolutionary names of the first two, they generally pursued centrist economic policies. The heads of these ministries form the cabinet. Bolivia's nine departments received greater autonomy under the Administrative Decentralization law of 1995. The tightly fought referendum laid out a number of key reforms such as allowing President Evo Morales to stand for re-election, state control over natural gas and limits on the size of land people can own. Business Spanish and Chamber of Commerce Exam. Although only one-third of Bolivia’s territory lies in the Andes Mountains, most of the nation’s largest cities are located there, and for centuries the highlands have attracted the … A string of military coups followed before the military returned the government to civilian rule in 1982, when Hernán Siles Zuazo became president. [5] Gonzalo Miguel Hurtado Zamorano was elected President of the Court on 3 January 2012. Bolivia's distinctive flag is a horizontal tricolor of red, yellow and green with the Bolivian coat of arms at the center. Bolivia’s Independence. The bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly consists of the Chamber of Senators (36 seats; members are elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies (130 seats; 70 are directly elected from their districts, 63 are elected by proportional representation from party lists, and 7 are elected by indigenous peoples of most departments, to serve five-year terms). Bolivian Independence, achieved after centuries of Spanish colonial rule, was a process that spanned more than 15 years, from 1809 to 1825, and involved numerous battles and countless deaths. Other articles where History of Bolivia is discussed: Bolivia: History: The following discussion focuses on events in Bolivia since the time of European conquest. "We will defeat the pandemic and the economic crisis, as we did before", promised the economist, who in his message exposed a battery of indicators to illustrate the critical state of the Bolivian economy. Privacy Policy. The members of the Supreme Court of Justice, elected in October 2011, are: Maritza Suntura (La Paz Department), Jorge Isaac Von Borries Méndez (Santa Cruz), Rómulo Calle Mamani (Oruro), Pastor Segundo Mamani Villca (Potosí), Antonio Guido Campero Segovia (Tarija), Gonzalo Miguel Hurtado Zamorano (Beni), Fidel Marcos Tordoya Rivas (Cochabamba), Rita Susana Nava (Tarija), and Norka Natalia Mercado Guzmán (Pando). Navigation Menu On This Day. The Constitutional Tribunal decides the constitutionality of laws and resolves conflicts between the branches and levels of government. 2008 November - Bolivia stops US drug enforcement agency from operating in the country. On Sept. 10, 2008, President Morales ordered the U.S. ambassador to Bolivia, Philip Goldberg, to leave the country, accusing Goldberg of "conspiring against democracy" and encouraging rebel groups who were protesting in eastern Bolivia. By Tim Lambert. Bolivia - Bolivia - Restoration of civilian government: García Meza resigned in August 1981, faced with widespread opposition, domestic and international condemnation, and a deteriorating economy. Bolivia currently has twenty-one ministries in the executive branch. At its peak it had a population of about 40-50,000 and its people created great works of architecture. Brief History of Bolivia: The earliest known ancient civilization in Bolivia was the Tiwanakan culture which was around 2000 BC and was located south of Lake Titicaca. Bolivia Map | Where is Bolivia? Congress was reinstated, and in 1982 it returned Hernando Siles Zuazo to the presidency; Jaime Paz Zamora became vice president. A SHORT HISTORY OF BOLIVIA. The Popular Participation Law of April 1994, which distributes a significant portion of national revenues to municipalities for discretionary use, has enabled previously neglected communities to make striking improvements in their facilities and services. With the aid of U.S. military advisers, the Bolivian army smashed the guerrilla movement, capturing and killing Guevara on October 8, 1967. In recent years, the bilateral relationship between the United States and Bolivia has been strained by the Bolivian government’s decisions to expel the U.S. ambassador and U.S. law enforcement and development cooperation agencies. History : Before the Spanish started colonising the region, the area around today's Bolivia belonged to the Inca Empire. Seven governments were made up of triumvirates: 1861, 1899, 1920-1921, 1970, 1978, 1981, and 1982. Ernesto Che Guevara was a prominent communist figure in the Cuban Revolution (1956–59) who went on to become a guerrilla leader in South America. The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of Justice, the Plurinational Constitutional Court, the Judiciary Council, Agrarian and Environmental Court, and District (departmental) and lower courts. Bolivians have also elected one of their own, who without strong middle class and mestizo support, probably would not … Three political parties were dominant from 1982 to 2005: The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement which had carried out the 1952 Revolution; Revolutionary Left Movement; and Nationalist Democratic Action founded in 1982 by former dictator and later elected President Hugo Banzer. The politics of Bolivia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state, head of government and head of a diverse multi-party system. ... 1952-04-09 Hugo Ballivian's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalisation of tin mines; The government and opposition agree to talks in an effort to resolve the crisis. Under this political framework, the President is both the Head of State and the Head of Government. The main language spoken is Spanish, Quechua and Aymara. During the 2005-09 political cycle the largest of these was PODEMOS, a successor to Nationalist Democratic Action. Important events, famous birthdays and historical deaths from our searchable today in history archives. [1], The civil war between the Conservatives and the Liberals ended in 1899 with the latter's victory; a liberal era began that lasted until 1920. The members of the Judiciary Council, elected in October 2011, are (in order of total votes received): Cristina Mamani, Freddy Sanabria, Wilma Mamani, Roger Triveño, and Ernesto Araníbar. Currently, the MAS stands as a party committed to equality, indigenous rights, agrarian land reform, Constitutional reform as well as nationalization of key industries with an aim to redistribute the returns through increased social spending. 4, Constitution of the State of Bolivia, Art. Municipal elections were last held on 4 April 2010, with both mayors councils elected to five-year terms. history.state.gov 3.0 shell. Departments are governed by the elected governors (until 2010, prefects; and until 2005, appointed by the President) and by independently elected Departmental Legislative Assemblies (until 2010; Departmental Councils). Thousands of years later, in the 15 century, the Incan Empire entered into Boliva. All Rights Reserved Six months later, on December 18, 2005, cocalero leader Evo Morales was elected president. International organization participation: ALBA, CAN, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, ONUB, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, Latin America in the 20th century: 1889-1929, 1991, p. 314-319, Ministry of Work, Employment, and Social Security, Plan Progreso para Bolivia – Convergencia Nacional, Plan Progress for Bolivia – National Convergence, Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia, The European Parliament News Service- Article on EU Observers in Bolivia, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html, "Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | Data", Segunda Parte, Título II, Capítulo Primero, Sección II, "Nace nueva etapa de la justicia boliviana", "Consejo de la Magistratura elige a María Cristina Mamani Aguilar primera presidente", "Posesionan a cuatro Vocales del Tribunal Supremo Electoral", Bolivia cierra un ciclo y emerge el nuevo Estado Plurinacional, Decolonization's Rocky Road: Corruption, Expropriation and Justice in Bolivia, Plan 3000: Resistance and Social Change at the Heart of Racism, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Bolivia&oldid=993450457, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Department of State Background Notes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Ministry of Public Works, Services, and Housing, Ministry of Institutional Transparency and the Fight against Corruption, Ministry of Productive Development and the Plural Economy, Marshal of Ayacucho Institutional Vanguard or VIMA –, indigenous organization: Aymara Indigenous Confederate Movements, This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 17:56. 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