Brief History of Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea is located on the eastern half of the island of New Guinea. Papua New Guinea A Century of Colonial Impact, 1884-1984, Sione LДЃtЕ«kefu, 1989, Great The expat population grew from about 6000 to more than 50,000 in 1971. 1994  Two of Rabaul’s volcanoes – Vulcan and Tavurvur – erupt, burying the prettiest town in the Pacific in volcanic ash; nearby Kokopo becomes the new capital of East New Britain. Each settlement comprised just one extended family as well as the captives from raiding neighbouring settlements – ritual head-hunting, slave-raiding and cannibalism were common. The discovery of gold brought a rush of settlers to the north coast in the 1920s. Copra, rubber, coffee and cocoa were the main earners. A Brief History European sea captains and navigators were the first travellers to record their meetings with the people of Papua New Guinea. 1998  On 17 July, a 10m tsunami hits the coastal region west of Aitape in Sandaun Province, killing more than 2200 people and causing injuries to another 1000. The dawn of the Lutheran Christian Faith in Papua New Guinea came on July 12 1886 through Johann Flierl when he sailed into the quiet beaches of Simbang, Finschhafen. A Brief History of Papua New Guinea The first humans in the area arrived from Asia some 60,000 years ago, settling the coasts and lower elevations of the Highlands. The islands quickly became notorious as the most dangerous place in the Pacific, inhabited by head-hunters and cannibals. The southern half of eastern New Guinea was annexed by the Colony of Queensland in 1883 before the before the British New Guinea, a British protectorate, was proclaimed over the southern coast and nearby islands. An influx of expatriates to Papua and New Guinea, mainly Australians, fuelled rapid economic growth. Australia enacted legislation aimed at restricting the commercial exploitation of Eastern New Guinea to British nationals and, more particularly, Australians. Progressive Sir Hubert Murray is governor from 1907 until 1940. 1957  Kiaps (Australian patrol officers) organise the first Goroka Show. Deforestation and decimated fish stocks lead to various class-action lawsuits. Germany occupied parts of Papua New Guinea in 1884 and ruled over the region for a few decades. The postwar profligacy of the massive US war machine – where boats were scuttled and guns and jeeps were dumped in the sea before the soldiers disappeared in giant transport planes – sent very strange messages to people who were living subsistence lifestyles. Despite being in decline elsewhere, slavery was thriving in New Guinea during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Highlanders, who had only known a barter economy, were quick to adapt to cash. Papua New Guinea’s magnificent and varied scenery reflects a generally recent geologic history in which movements of the Earth ’s crust resulted in the collision of the northward-moving Australian Plate with the westward-moving Pacific Plate. Papua New Guinea: Introduction Papua New Guinea is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island New Guinea and numerous offshore islands. Mick Leahy’s meticulous recording of events – in his diary, several hours of 16mm film and more than 5000 photographs – can be seen in the 1983 documentary First Contact. The Business Council of Papua New Guinea said tourism, manufacturing, retail and agriculture should be the … It’s also the anniversary of the 1942 battle between the Papuan Infantry Battalion and the Japanese invaders that took place near the Kumusi River in Oro Province. Perhaps this was because basic food crops could not be stored long so food couldn’t be stockpiled. Papua New Guinea was originally known as Papua, a Malay word given by Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes, which means tightly curled hair characteristic of most of its inhabitants. The descendants of these people speak non-Austronesian (or Papuan) languages and are today called Melanesians. 1975  Papua New Guinea gains full independence from Australia on 16 September. The following decade, expeditions to the interior led to the jaw-dropping discovery of more than a million Highlanders living unknown to the outside world. First the giant Ok Tedi gold-and-copper mine poisoned much of the Ok Tedi and Fly Rivers, and then conflict over profits from the Panguna copper mine in Bougainville led to war. Earthquakes are still a thr… This led to the annexation of the protectorate in 1902 with the Commonwealth of Australia exercising authority over it. But some were heavily involved with the Allies, operating behind enemy lines as ‘coastwatchers’. Archaeological evidence suggests humans first reached New Guinea, and then Australia and the Solomon Islands, by island-hopping across the Indonesian archipelago from Asia at least 60,000 years ago. Evidence of early New Guinea coastal settlements includes 40,000-year-old stone axes found in Morobe Province. The word papua is derived from an old local term of uncertain origin. " Musingku hired eight Fijian mercenaries as bodyguards and to train his private army, offering them US$1 million each. The country's geography is diverse. In 1964 a House of Assembly with 64 members was formed. Between AD 1200 and AD 1600 some Polynesians started heading westward again and, finding most of the islands of New Guinea already inhabited, settled some of the remaining isolated islands and atolls. Bilateral Representation. Mineral riches, however, did little to eradicate poverty, and indeed helped fuel resentment at Bougainville’s Panguna mine, leading to a bloody war on the island. Portuguese traders introduced the sweet potato to New Guinea in the 18th century. Known as ‘blackbirding’, men were carted off to provide plantation labour in northern Australia and Fiji. mid-1500s  Malay traders introduce sweet potatoes into western New Guinea (present-day Indonesian Papua), sourced from the Spanish and Portuguese exploits in South America. New Guinea is the second largest island in the world after Greenland. Australian troops fought back an advance along the rugged Kokoda Track, which the Japanese were using in an attempt to reach and take Port Moresby, the only remaining Australian stronghold on the island. There were violent and unpredictable attacks on foreigners, and several savage massacres. 1914  Australia seizes German New Guinea at the outbreak of WWI and is officially given German New Guinea in 1920 as a mandated territory by the League of Nations. It includes the eastern half of New Guinea and many small offshore islands. People worshipped ancestors, not gods. The Japanese came within 50km of Port Moresby, but an unsustainably extended supply line and heroic resistance by Australian soldiers with local help turned the course of the whole Pacific war. In an age of aeroplanes, radio and international telecommunications, the discovery was stunning. Papua New Guinea was originally known as Papua, a Malay word given by Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes, which means tightly curled hair characteristic of most of its inhabitants. In 2001, a peace agreement was signed between the government and former rebels, with a United Nations Observer Mission and Regional Peace Monitoring Force tasked to monitor the government and provincial leaders in the country. The primary objective of the Central Bank then was as provided for in that Act as follows: Humans probably climbed up to settle in the Highlands about 30,000 years ago. Around 9000 years ago, Papua New Guineans began cultivating local crops, becoming some of the world’s earliest farmers. German interest in New Guinea’s northeast coast finally spurred Great Britain to get serious about its own colonial ambitions. In 1526 the first European Jorge de Meneses sighted the mainland and named it Ilhas dos Papuas, land of frizzy haired people. 2007  Michael Somare (whose face appears on the K50 note) assumes the role of prime minister for the fourth time, capping nearly four decades in politics. * Do not hesitate to comment and share the video. The first inhabitants of the island New Guinea were Papuan, Melanesian, and Negrito tribes, who altogether spoke more than 700 distinct languages. Sudden changes, where the world seems to be tipped upside down, happen more often than we think. A number of Papua New Guineans were decorated for their bravery. To date, all but one have either returned to Fiji or turned themselves over to the PNG police – none received the money promised to them. Musingku operated an illegal pyramid fast-money scheme called U-Vastrict that left investors all over PNG empty-handed. In the 18th century the British and French explored various parts, though it wasn’t until the Germans arrived on the scene in the late 1800s that the Brits got serious, ‘claiming’ most of New Guinea as an official British protectorate in the 1880s. The Bougainville war drained resources and divided PNG along tribal lines for years, it also strained relations with the Solomons. Masses of abandoned war equipment were put to use in developing New Guinea. The power struggle continues. Endemic to Goodenough Island, in the D'Entrecasteaux group, Papua New Guinea, it was first collected on the summit of ‘Oiamadawa'a … Eager to protect incursions into the eastern end of their fabulously profitable Dutch East Indies Empire (modern-day Indonesia), the Dutch East Indies Company claimed sovereignty over unexplored New Guinea in 1660. The war’s sudden arrival and its massive impact could not have been more profound. Colonialism wasn’t popular in the 1950s and ’60s and Australia was urged to prepare Papua and New Guinea for independence. The British East India Company explored parts of western New Guinea in 1793 and even made a tentative claim on the island but in 1824 Britain and the Netherlands agreed the latter’s colonial claim to the western half of the New Guinea island should stand (and it did until 1963). Papua New Guinea successfully hosted APEC in 2018, culminating in a Leaders’ Summit in November 2018 attended by Vice President Pence. In 1894, The Rt Rev’d Montague Stone-Wigg became the first Bishop of New Guinea, and established mission stations along the northern Milne Bay and Oro coast. You have a great deal of respect for the old British Empire and what it once stood for and your values … And so it remained for more than a century. Australia’s policy of reinforcing literacy and education was part of a concerted effort to create an educated social group that could run government. 1876  Italian adventurer Luigi d’Albertis charts the Fly River in a tiny steamer, the Neva, taking eight weeks to travel 930km upriver and using fireworks to scare off menacing-looking locals. It remains Dutch-owned for the next century. They were wise and able Papua New Guineans. During the First World … 1000 BC  The second great wave of migration in the Pacific associated with proto-Polynesian ‘Lapita people’ colonises islands east of the Solomons. March 2005  A diplomatic spat between PNG and Australia erupts after Prime Minister Michael Somare is asked to remove his shoes at a routine security screening in Brisbane airport. 2014 March - Papua New Guinea's Supreme Court begins a human rights inquiry into Australia's immigration detention centre on Manus Island. Following the passage of the Papua Act of 1905, British New Guinea became the Territory of Papua and formal Australian administration began in 1906. The U.S. The Australian administration thus began on the heels of the passage of Papua Act of 1905. Every year, 23 July is commemorated as Remembrance Day for the Papua New Guineans who died in WWII. Brief History of the Central Bank The Bank of Papua New Guinea is a corporate entity which was first established under the Central Banking Act, Chapter 138 (repealed) in 1973. 1989  The first PNG Defence Force (PNGDF) soldiers are killed as civil war breaks out in Bougainville; the following year PNGDF troops are withdrawn from Bougainville and the island is blockaded. After 1945, the renamed Papua New Guine… ‘Grand Chief’ Sir Michael Somare, PNG’s ‘father of independence’, returned in 2002 for a third stint as prime minister and introduced electoral reforms to create a more stable political climate, and in turn to help the economy. The culture of Papua new guinea is very complex, it is estimated to have more 1000 cultural groups. 1963–69  The Dutch pull out of western New Guinea, transferring control to Indonesia subject to a UN-administered plebiscite – the sham ‘Act of Free Choice’ legitimises brutality towards independence-seeking Papuans. 1906  British New Guinea becomes the Territory of Papua and its administration is taken over by newly independent Australia. Tok Pisin (New Guinea Pidgin) English Bilingual Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Papua New Guinea. A History of Papua New Guinea and Its Neighbours , , 1990, Oceania, 60 pages. It is estimated that almost a third of Tolais from northern New Britain were killed. Somare was the first prime minister in the country’s history to avoid the familiar no-confidence motion and then be re-elected in July 2007 as an incumbent prime minister. It is a parliamentary democracy with a governor general representing the British Crown, a prime minister and cabinet, and a 109-member unicameral, popularly elected parliament. The name New Guinea was given by Spaniard Yñigo Ortiz de Petez in 1545 because of the striking similarity in appearance between the inhabitants of the African Guinea coast and those of the island. Later, the Austronesian people arrived on the island. The Autonomous Bougainville Government is sworn into office on 15 June 2005 with Joseph Kabui as its president. Meanwhile, the 1990s also saw tragic natural disasters, including a volcanic eruption that buried Rabaul. Graphium weiskei goodenovii Rothschild, 1915 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) has been known for over a century only from two male specimens: one in the Natural History Museum, London; the other in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH). It grows to become one of the largest and best-known singsings in the country, attracting scores of participating tribes. When WWI broke out in 1914, Australian troops quickly overran the German headquarters at Rabaul and for the next seven years German New Guinea was run by the Australian military. Internal self-government came into effect in 1973, followed by full independence on 16 September 1975. 1884  Germany hoists the flag on the north coast of the New Guinea mainland and establishes the German Neuguinea Kompanie at Finschhafen. Australia was quick to eradicate the German commercial and plantation presence, baulking only at the German missions. From 1977 when the national election was held, leadership changed hands continuously through votes of confidence, culminating in a nine-year rebellion by secessionist rebels that claimed the lives of 20,000 from both sides. PAPUA NEW GUINEA’S EARLY HISTORY Our ancient inhabitants are believed to have arrived in Papua New Guinea about 50-60,000 years ago from Southeast Asia during an Ice Age period when the sea was lower and distances between islands was shorter. After 400 years of coastal contact, some of those white men finally made it into the interior. The eastern half of New Guinea was first explored by Spanish and Portuguese explorers in the 16th century. The high yield of sweet potatoes in cold climes allowed for the colonisation of still higher altitudes in the Highlands and the domestication of many more pigs. Sir Michael Somare retained power for a third term as prime minister of PNG, promising electoral reform. It took until 1945 to regain all the mainland from the Japanese but New Ireland, New Britain and Bougainville were not relieved until the official Japanese surrender. 1942  The invading Japanese establish a base in Rabaul in January, by April they’ve taken most of New Guinea and the Solomons and by September they’ve begun their retreat along the Kokoda Track. 60,000 BC  The Ice Age of the Pleistocene period allows the first humans to island-hop their way from Asia across the Indonesian archipelago to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. He fled to Bougainville in 2005 where he feted Francis Ona, proclaiming him King of Papala and then assumed this bogus title himself when Ona died. The Leahy brothers introduced coffee, and before long missionaries and aircraft were also arriving. However, Japanese successes in New Guinea were short-lived. Papua New Guinea also belongs to the Pacific Islands Forum, of which the United States is a Dialogue Partner. Papua New Guinea is a constitutional monarchy. People have inhabited the area for thousands of years and even today the country has over 850 different languages and cultures. The Melanesian experience of WWII caused a sharp resurgence in cargo cultism. However, the war’s main impact proved to be social and political. In 1888, when Sir William MacGregor became British New Guinea’s administrator, he established a native police force to spread the benefits of British government. 1526  Jorge de Menezes, Portuguese explorer and governor of Ternate in present-day Indonesia, becomes the first European to land on the New Guinea mainland; he names the region Ilhas dos Papuas. The discovery of large deposits of gold at Edie Creek and the Bulolo Valley in the 1920s brought men and wealth to the north coast. The migrations were made easier by a fall in the sea level during the Pleistocene period, or Great Ice Age, and by a land bridge that linked PNG with northern Australia. Following the war, New Guinea marched slowly towards self-rule, finally gaining independence in the 1970s. A series of British ‘claims’ followed, which were repudiated each time by Queen Victoria’s government. In September 1884, when the British announced that they intended to claim part of New Guinea, the Germans quickly raised the flag on the north coast. There are no longer headhunters in the Highlands, the mountainous region west of Madang. This was something that locals had never experienced from their colonial overlords. For years after the end of WWII there were stories – some apocryphal, some true – about Japanese soldiers still hiding out in the jungle. After an election in 1972, a ministry was formed under a Chief Minister before the country turned self-governing in 1973, and finally gained its independence on September 16, 1975. Many British, French and American explorers followed and from 1798 whalers sailed through the islands. Instead, on that and nine subsequent expeditions over the next five years, Leahy, his brother Dan and Jim Taylor ‘discovered’ about a million people living in the secluded valleys of the New Guinea Highlands. In 1906 the Australians took over colonial administration and later cemented their power by driving out Germany during WWI. Ambassador to Papua New Guinea is Erin Elizabeth McKee. It is the third topic dealing with the. The country gained its independence from Australia in 1975 and is growing and gradually taking its place in the family of nations. God instilled the courage, Simbang Coast, 1886 the wisdom, the strength, and the perseverance into the life of Rev. An arbitrary line divides German and British New Guinea. In 1768 Louis-Antoine de Bougainville discovered Buka, Bougainville and Choiseul islands. In November 2006 there was armed confrontation between the Fijian ex-soldiers and their trainees on one side, and pro-government Bougainville Freedom Fighters on the other. All this served as a backdrop to the revolving door of prime ministers and no-confidence motions that characterised politics in PNG. The last isolated atolls remain unsettled for another 2000 years. Somare’s return causes a power struggle, leading to a failed pro-Somare coup in 2012. The Germans eventually decamped to New Britain, where German-initiated plantations still operate today. Papua New Guinea is an independent Commonwealth nation that achieved independence on 16 September 1975 from the Australian-administered United Nations trusteeship. New Guinea" (Nueva Guinea) was the name coined by the Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez.In 1545, he noted the resemblance of the people to those he had earlier seen along the Guinea coast of Africa. 1999  Australian mining giant BHP admits to causing major environmental damage in the operation of the gold-and-copper Ok Tedi mine. A large part of your life has revolved around plantations and the culture that accompanies them in several interesting places, including Papua New Guinea and India. It didn’t take long for the ‘land that time forgot’ to be dragged into the 20th century. Larry during his first night in Papua New Guinea, and a number of years ago, a powerful tsunami struck the coastal area several hundred miles northwest of Madang. Even today you can see how Marsden matting is used for fencing and building material, and many WWII-era Quonset huts are still standing. Papua New Guinea’s constitution was adopted in 1975 and has been amended frequently since then. A pearl hidden in the South Pacific, Madang is a totally unexpected montage of immense physical beauty, tribal cultures, friendly people and pristine diving. New Guinea has been inhabited for some 10,000 years, but its recorded history began with the visits of Portuguese explorers in the early 16th century, followed by Dutch traders. Francis Ona, leader of the BRA and staunch opponent of the BPA, died of malaria barely a month later on 24 July 2005. By the mid-16th century, sweet potatoes were being taken from South America into southeast Asia by the Portuguese and Spanish, and Malay traders brought them to the western part of the New Guinea island. It’s not known when pigs and more productive starch crops (Asian yams, taro and bananas) were introduced, but New Guineans have had domesticated pigs for at least 10,000 years. Upon its invasion by Japan during the Pacific War in 1941, the country’s civil administration was suspended but was restored upon Japan’s surrender to United States forces in 1945. US soldiers – many of them black – treated locals as equals and shared food with them. August 2011  After spending months away on medical leave, Prime Minister Michael Somare is replaced by Peter O’Neill. Long ago, an earthquake greeted Bro. This situation continued until independence. A Short History of Papua New Guinea is a concise book describing the quick and steady growth of the many small, isolated and self-sufficient societies that made up the fledgeling British Papua and German New Guinea colonies towards the end of the last century. The Japanese refused to surrender. They cultivated breadfruit, sago, coconuts, yams and sugar cane (which originated in New Guinea). The written history began when European navigators first sighted New Guinea in the early part of the 17th century. In WWII the region formed the backdrop to horrific battles on sea and land, particularly when Australian forces repelled the Japanese advance along the tortuous Kokoda Track. The 1980s and ’90s saw PNG face a series of challenges: a volcanic eruption in 1994 buried much of Rabaul; ongoing border problems involving the Organisasi Papua Merdeka (Free West Papua Movement) strained relations with Indonesia and saw thousands moved to refugee camps in PNG; and a growing level of corruption and government misspending sucked money away from where it was needed most – education and health. 1545 = a Spanish explorer names the island of New Guinea, he chose the name because he thought the island natives were similar in appearance to the natives of Guinea in West Africa. A year later, Papua and New Guinea were combined in an administrative union, which was confirmed by the Papua and New Guinea Act to make it as the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Sandalwood and bêche-de-mer (sea cucumber) traders brought iron and steel tools, calico and fish hooks, but ultimately it was treachery and resentment that they left. Coastal people built canoes, and feasting and dancing were regular activities. The 21st century began with promise: the brokering of a state treaty with the newly formed Autonomous Bougainville Government finally brought peace (and the future possibility of self-rule) to the island. Around 9000 years ago, Papua New Guineans began cultivating local crops, becoming some of the world’s earliest farmers. Welcome in Papua New Guinea. Law and order became a more serious issue in the 1990s, when mineral-rich PNG began to develop large-scale mining operations. However, it wasn’t until 1526 that another Portuguese, Jorge de Menezes, became the first European to set foot on the main island – he named it Ilha dos Papuas. The area around Tuno in the No-Go Zone is also where Noah Musingku maintains his own fiefdom. This video is a general presentation of PNG, in all its diversity and wealth. The first Europeans arrived in the 16th century; Portugal named the area, while Spain started several colonies that ended in disaster. The Head of State is HM Queen Elizabeth II, represented in Papua New Guinea by a Governor-General, currently His Excellency Sir Robert Dadae. As surprising as it is, history tends to work this way. A Brief History of Papua New Guinea 1526 = a Portuguese explorer becomes the first European to reach the island of New Guinea , and names it Papua. It started operations on 1 November 1973 as the country’s Central Bank. October 2011  Following discoveries of enormous gas fields, work commences on an 850km-long pipeline – part of the US$15 billion LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) project, which could potentially double the country’s GDP. 1768  Louis-Antoine de Bougainville sails through the Solomon Islands and names Bougainville after himself; Choiseul after French diplomat Étienne-François duc de Choiseul; and Buka after an Islander word. Elsewhere in the world, the development of agriculture resulted in the establishment of cities and an elite class, but this did not happen in New Guinea or the Solomon Islands. The British monarch, represented by a governor-general, is head of state, and the prime minister is head of government. Human occupation of the island of New Guinea happened around 42,000 years back when people from Africa migrated here. Most Melanesians were initially militarily neutral in the conflict, although they were used extensively on both sides as labourers, guides, carriers and informers – sometimes press-ganged by the Japanese and Australians. However, after years of Somare rule New Guineans seemed ready for a change, and parliament voted to remove him following a five-month absence from the country in 2011. The Treasurer Ian Ling-Stuckey described the economic context for Papua New Guinea’s 2021 National Budget as ‘the most challenging in the nation’s history’. A History of Papua New Guinea and its Neighbours is the first term's work of the Grade 9 Provincial High School Social Science Course. Papua and New Guinea used to be separate entities, influenced and colonized over 250 years by the Sultanate of Tidore, Holland, Germany, Britain and Japan. At Kuk (or Kup) Swamp in the Wahgi Valley in Western Highlands Province, archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation going back 20,000 years and there is evidence of gardening beginning 9000 years ago. These fast became the greatest contributors to the economy, but also social, environmental and political burdens that, in the 1980s and ’90s, took a heavy toll. 30,000 BC  Papuan-speaking hunter-gatherers from New Guinea settle islands in the eastern Solomons before the sea levels rise with the end of the Ice Age in 10,000 BC. (Today it’s around 20,000.). 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